Enfermedad por Coronavirus: ¿Qué sabemos hasta hoy?

Dra. Andrea Arias Argüello
Médico y curujano general.
Trabajador Independiente. 
Consulta privada, San José, Costa Rica.
Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Costa Rica.
Miembro del Colegio de Médicos y Cirujanos de Costa Rica
Costa Rica.

Resumen

Si bien en el pasado los coronavirus humanos fueron catalogados como causantes de patologías de características leves, por tercera ocasión, durante el siglo XXI, un coronavirus zoonótico ha cruzado especies para infectar a la población humana. Este último virus, denominado inicialmente coronavirus de Wuhan, 2019 Novel Coronavirus n2019 CoV y, actualmente, SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) se identificó por primera vez a finales del mes de diciembre del 2019 en la República Popular de China, previo al inicio del Año Nuevo Lunar Chino, el evento anual de viajes en masa más grande del mundo.

El alcance y el efecto final de este virus no está claro en la actualidad, ya que la situación está evolucionando rápidamente.

Las otras dos cepas: el síndrome respiratorio agudo severo asociado a coronavirus (SARS-CoV) y el síndrome respiratorio del Medio Oriente por coronavirus (MERS-CoV), son también de origen zoonótico y se han relacionado con enfermedades en ocasiones asociadas a mortalidad. El SARS-CoV fue el agente causal de los brotes de síndrome respiratorio agudo severo en 2002 y 2003 en la provincia de Guangdong, China. MERS-CoV fue el patógeno responsable de brotes de enfermedades respiratorias graves en 2012 en el Medio Oriente.

Este artículo pretende describir las especies de la familia Coronaviridae que afectan a los humanos, específicamente SARS y MERS; se enfatiza en el SARSCoV- 2, sus características y las lecciones importantes de la pandemia por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19).

Palabras claves

Coronaviridae, influenza, humana, neumonía, síndrome respiratorio agudo severo.

Abstract

Although in the past human coronaviruses were classified as causing pathologies of mild characteristics, for the third time, during the 21st century, a zoonotic coronavirus has crossed species to infect the human population. The latter virus, recently named Wuhan Coronavirus, 2019 New coronavirus n2019 CoV and currently SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) was first identified at the end of December 2019 in the People's Republic of China, prior to the start of the Chinese Lunar New Year, the world's largest annual mass travel event.

The scope and final effect of this virus is not clear at present and the situation is evolving rapidly. he other two strains: the severe acute respiratory syndrome associated with coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and the coronavirus of the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV), are also of zoonotic origin and have been linked to diseases in patients affected by mortality. SARS-CoV was the causative agent of severe acute respiratory syndrome outbreaks in 2002 and 2003 in Guangdong Province, China. MERSCoV was the pathogen responsible for severe respiratory disease outbreaks in 2012 in the Middle East.

This article aims to describe the species of the Coronaviridae Family that affect humans specifically SARS, MERS, Experiment an emphasis on SARS-CoV-2, its characteristics and important lessons of the pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Keywords

Coronaviridae, influenza, human, pneumonia, severe acute respiratory syndrome.

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