Experiencia en terapia con plasma convaleciente en pacientes con COVID-19

Dr. Fabián Ortiz Leitón
Médico General
Caja Costarricense del Seguro Social
San José, Costa Rica.

Dra. Karol Dayanna Castillo Peña
Médico General
Caja Costarricense del Seguro Social
San José, Costa Rica.

Resumen

La enfermedad del coronavirus (COVID-19) representa una de las mayores epidemias en el mundo y está desencadenando una crisis de salud global. Comenzó en el año 2020 y hasta la fecha, no existe una terapia dirigida para esta enfermedad. El plasma convaleciente se presenta como una opción de tratamiento interesante contra COVID-19. Este ha sido utilizado con éxito en otros brotes virales en el pasado en distintas regiones del mundo.

La terapia consiste en recolectar plasma con anticuerpos de individuos recuperados de la enfermedad viral. Se considera la única estrategia, a corto plazo, para dar inmunidad inmediata a los individuos susceptibles. Esta revisión aborda el posible mecanismo de acción del plasma restaurador, con recomendaciones de quienes pueden ser donadores y se describe las características de seguridad y administración del plasma. Además, se brinda una descripción general sobre COVID-19 y los procedimientos necesarios para implementar la terapia.

Palabras claves

COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, plasma convaleciente, anticuerpos.

Abstract

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) represents one of the largest epidemics facing the world and it has unleashed a global health crisis. Even though there is no curative therapy available for this disease, restorative or convalescent plasma is an interesting treatment option against COVID-19. In the past it has been used successfully in other viral outbreaks. The therapy consists of collecting plasma with antibodies from individuals who have recovered from the viral illness. It is the only short-term strategy to provide immediate immunity to susceptible individuals. This review addresses the potential mechanism of action of restorative plasma, and we provide an overview of COVID-19 and the procedures required to implement the therapy.

Keywords

Convalescent plasma, COVID-19, coronavirus, Costa Rica, antibodies.

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