Experiencia en terapia con plasma en pacientes con COVID-19

Dr. Fabián Ortiz Leitón
Médico general.
Licenciatura en Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad de Ciencias Médicas (Ucimed) de Costa Rica.
Estudiante Máster en Bioética, Universidad Anáhuac México.
Miembro del Colegio de Médicos y Cirujanos de Costa Rica.
Médico coordinador clínico en la Caja Costarricense del Seguro Social (CCSS). San José, Costa Rica.
Coordinador Médico en el Centro Médico Vital Rohrmoser. San José, Costa Rica.

Dra. Karol Dayanna Castillo Peña
Médico general.
Licenciatura en Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad de Iberoamérica. San José, Costa Rica.
Miembro del Colegio de Médicos y Cirujanos de Costa Rica.
Médico coordinador clínico del proyecto de investigación del suero equino en el Centro Especializado de Atención de Pacientes con COVID-19, Caja Costarricense del Seguro Social (CCSS). San José, Costa Rica.

Resumen

La enfermedad del coronavirus (COVID-19) representa una de las mayores epidemias que enfrenta el mundo y está desencadenando una crisis de salud global que inició a principios del año 2020. Hasta la fecha, no existe una terapia dirigida para esta enfermedad. El plasma convaleciente es una opción de tratamiento interesante contra el COVID-19 porque se ha utilizado con éxito en otros brotes virales en el pasado en distintas partes del mundo. Esta terapia consiste en recolectar plasma con anticuerpos de individuos que se han recuperado de la enfermedad viral. Se considera que es la única estrategia a corto plazo para dar inmunidad inmediata a los individuos susceptibles. Esta revisión aborda el posible mecanismo de acción del plasma restaurador, se dan recomendaciones de quienes pueden ser donadores y se describe las características de seguridad y administración del plasma. Además, se brinda una descripción general sobre el COVID-19 y los procedimientos necesarios para implementar la terapia.

Palabras claves

COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, plasma convaleciente, anticuerpos.

Abstract

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) represents one of the largest epidemics facing the world and it has unleashed a global health crisis. Even though there is no curative therapy available for this disease, restorative or convalescent plasma is an interesting treatment option against COVID-19. In the past it has been used successfully in other viral outbreaks. The therapy consists of collecting plasma with antibodies from individuals who have recovered from the viral illness. It is the only short-term strategy to provide immediate immunity to susceptible individuals. This review addresses the potential mechanism of action of restorative plasma, and we provide an overview of COVID-19 and the procedures required to implement the therapy.

Keywords

Convalescent plasma, COVID-19, coronavirus, Costa Rica, antibodies.

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